穿心莲在鸡中血清药物化学初步研究

 【目的】对穿心莲在鸡中血清药物化学进行初步研究。【方法】在建立穿心莲超微粉高效液相色谱-质谱指纹分析方法的基础上,分析比较空白对照鸡血清、给药后所得鸡血清样品指纹图谱,鉴定内服穿心莲超微粉血中移行成分、来源及其代谢产物。【结果】鸡内服给药后,在60 min时,有9个组分在血中出现;其中有4个主要成分来源于原药并在给药后0～480 min内维持较高浓度,其余的组分可能是代谢产物。【结论】血中移行成分及代谢产物将成为穿心莲的体内作用基础,对其血清药物化学深入研究将为穿心莲活性成分的进一步研究奠定基础。     

原子吸收光谱法测定穿心莲中的微量元素

用浓硝酸微波消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定穿心莲中Fe、Cu、Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn 6种微量元素的含量.测定方法简单,精密度高,回收率在90.0%～101.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.4%.     

栾树不同部位总黄酮的提取及含量测定

通过微波辅助提取的L9(34)正交实验方法与索氏回流提取法,分别提取栾树果实、枝叶中总黄酮,确定微波辅助提取法较适宜,并得到其最佳提取工艺参数是：微波处理1min、水浴10min、固（原料）液（提取溶剂）比为1:20。以微波助提最佳工艺提取栾树总黄酮,通过NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH显色体系的510nm分光光度法测定其含量,得栾树果实、枝、叶中总黄酮含量分别为1.78%、0.27%、0.45%。对2003年9月、10月、11月分别采集的栾树果实进行提取及测定,3个采集时间的栾树果实中总黄酮含量分别为0.71%、1.78%、2.70%,总黄酮含量随果实趋向成熟而显著递增。     

Quinone reductase (QR) inducers from Andrographis paniculata and identification of molecular target of andrographolide

In the present study, it was demonstrated that the petroleum extract of Andrographis paniculata (AP) had quinone reductase (QR) inducing activity, which might be attributed to the modification of key cysteine residues in Keap1 by Michael addition acceptors (MAAs) in it. To screen MAAs in AP, glutathione (GSH) was employed, and a LC/MS/MS method was implied. Three compounds, andrographoside, andrographolide, 14-deoxy-14,15-dehydroandrographolide were revealed could well conjugated with GSH. Then, andrographolide along with 4 new and 14 known compounds were isolated to conduct QR induction evaluation, and the CD (the concentration required to double the activity of QR) value of andrographolide is 1.43 μM. The QR induce activity of andrographolide might be attributed to its targeting multiple cysteine residues in Keap1, therefore, the alkylation of Keap1 by andrographolide was further studied and the result showed that four cysteine residues: Cys77, Cys151, Cys273 and Cys368 were alkylated, which indicated that Keap1 is a potential target for the QR induce activity of andrographolide.     

岭南黄鸡内服穿心莲超细粉后血中穿心莲内酯浓度的测定

以穿心莲内酯为指标性成分，应用RP-HPLC法，测定了岭南黄鸡内服穿心莲超细粉后血浆中穿心莲内酯的含量。结果，在测定的时间段（服药后第0～6h），穿心莲内酯在血浆中均有分布，给药后约1h达到峰值，峰浓度约为1．75μg／mL；给药后第6h的峰浓度约为0．09μg／mL。平均绝对回收率为85．24％～91．18％，定量限、检测限分别为0．04和0．02μg／mL。研究结果为建立禽类血浆中穿心莲内酯的测定方法，对动物服用穿心莲后有效成分的吸收情况进行评价提供了基础资料。     

发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响

【目的】本试验旨在研究发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。【方法】利用复合菌剂（酵母菌和乳酸菌质量比1：1）发酵穿心莲粉,根据发酵前后成分变化对其微生态功能及药用价值进行分析。将450只15日龄体重250 g左右的黑羽番鸭随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,对照Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加3%穿心莲粉,发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%、3%和5%的发酵穿心莲粉,预试期7 d,正试期48 d。分别于16、21、42、70日龄对番鸭称重,于70日龄从每组随机选取6只番鸭（每个重复随机取1只）屠宰,采集血液、左侧胸肌样品,测定血清生化指标、免疫相关指标及抗氧化指标、肌肉脂肪酸含量。【结果】①穿心莲粉经复合菌剂发酵后,活菌数超过2.0×10⁸ CFU/g,粗纤维含量虽有降低但差异不显著（P>0.05）。②发酵Ⅱ组16~70日龄的料重比显著或极显著低于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅲ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。③发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的屠宰率均显著高于对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。④发酵Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照Ⅱ组番鸭血清的IL-2水平均极显著高于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。⑤发酵Ⅱ组的血清丙二醛水平极显著或显著低于对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组（P<0.01;P<0.05）。⑥发酵Ⅱ组的肌肉不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸含量均显著或极显著高于对照Ⅰ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。【结论】与基础饲粮组相比,3%发酵穿心莲粉可显著提高番鸭的生产性能、血清IL-2水平、肌肉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量,减少番鸭脂质过氧化,提高机体抗氧化能力。此外,3%发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭屠宰率和抗氧化能力的影响要显著优于同比例未发酵穿心莲粉。     

Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata

The antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract, andrographolides and arabinogalactan proteins from Andrographis paniculata were evaluated. The aqueous extract showed significant antimicrobial activity, which may be due to the combined effect of the isolated arabinogalactan proteins and andrographolides.     

穿心莲兽医药理学研究进展

文章综述了近年来国内对穿心莲的化学成分，色谱指纹图谱，对动物体生理功能的影响，药代动力学以及毒副作用的兽医药理学研究新进展。     

药用植物穿心莲的组织培养

以带腋芽茎段为外植体,研究不同培养基对穿心莲芽增殖的影响、不同代数试管苗生长的差异以及试管苗生根的试验。结果表明:穿心莲生长的最适合基本培养基是MS培养基;丛生芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+KT1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L;3代以内试管苗生长状况良好;试管苗生根最佳培养基为1/2MS+NAA1mg/L。     

Plant growth regulators induced changes in antioxidant potential and andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata Wall.ex Nees

In this study, 5 μM ABA and GA₃ concentration were used to study the effect of these growth regulators on the andrographolide content and antioxidant potentials of Andrographis paniculata. The growth regulators were applied by means of foliar spray during morning hours. A significant enhancement in non-enzymatic antioxidant contents was observed in all sampling days in A.paniculata plants under ABA and GA₃ treatments. Ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol content was increased significantly under the growth regulator treatments in leaves, stem and roots of A. paniculata. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased by ABA and GA₃ treatments in the leaves, stem and roots of A. paniculata plants. The HPLC analysis was used to quantify the andrographolide content in control and growth regulator treated plants. The growth regulators ABA and GA₃ treated plants showed increased contents of andrographolide when compared to control.